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Cancer of the Bladder refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. Bladder cancer characteristically causes blood in the urine. With over 60,000 new cases a year bladder cancer is the 4th most common cancer in men and the eleventh in women.

Typically, 75% of tumors are non-invasive and at low risk of progression and metastasis. However, 25% of bladder tumors do invade the muscular layers of the bladder.

The therapy that offers the best chance for survival for these patients is complete removal of the bladder and surrounding lymph nodes (radical cystectomy and extended lymph node dissection). When treated early and appropriately, muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a potentially curable disease.

Cancer of the Bladder refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. Bladder cancer characteristically causes blood in the urine. With over 60,000 new cases a year bladder cancer is the 4th most common cancer in men and the eleventh in women.

Typically, 75% of tumors are non-invasive and at low risk of progression and metastasis. However, 25% of bladder tumors do invade the muscular layers of the bladder.

The therapy that offers the best chance for survival for these patients is complete removal of the bladder and surrounding lymph nodes (radical cystectomy and extended lymph node dissection). When treated early and appropriately, muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a potentially curable disease.

Cancer of the prostate is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer develops primarily in men over 50 and is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States.

Many factors, including genetics and diet, have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. There is a wide range of different treatment options available for prostate cancer patients. These include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, localized treatment and active surveillance.

Kidney cancer is among the top 10 most common cancers in both men and women. There are about 58,000 cases of newly diagnosed kidney cancer in the United States every year. Of these 65% are men, and 35% are women. Most patients are older, and the average age of diagnosis is 65. The incidence is highest amongst people between the ages of 55-84. 

Treatment for kidney cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease.

Testicular cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in one or both testicles. There are between 7,500 and 8,000 diagnoses of testicular cancer made each year. It is most common among males aged 15-40 years.

Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates of all cancers in excess of 90 percent, 100 percent if it has not metastasized.

Penile cancer is a malignant growth of cells in the tissue and/or external area of the penis. Penis cancer tends to develop in men over the age of sixty. It is a very rare disease that is generally a very aggressive form of cancer with a tendency to spread.

Symptoms include redness, irritation, a sore or lump on the penis. Pain and bleeding usually only occur if the cancer is advanced.

Cancer of the ureters effects the muscular tubes that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, diminished urine stream and straining to void; frequent urination and increased nighttime urination; pain during or after sexual intercourse; painful urination and recurrent urinary tract infection.

Smoking is associated with an increased risk of ureteral cancer.

Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and medication.

Prostate problems or symptoms tend to fall into three common categories enlarged prostate, infections of the prostate and cancer.

• Enlarged Prostate: An enlarged prostate is characterized by increased size of the prostate gland in elderly men. When sufficiently large, the nodules compress the urethral canal to cause partial or complete obstruction of the urethra, which interferes with the normal flow of urine. It leads to symptoms of urinary hesitancy, frequent urination, painful urination, increased risk of urinary tract infections, and urinary retention.
• Infections of the Prostate: Infections that irritate the prostate can inflame the gland, causing swelling. Prostate infections or prostatitis occurs most often in men aged 30-50 years but can occur in older men. Symptoms include pain in the genital/bladder area, fever (which may be high), as well as burning, pain and irritation when urinating. Treatment includes prompt administration of antibiotics, sometimes by intravenous fluids requiring brief hospitalization.

Male infertility is due to low sperm production or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. Male infertility is a reasonably common problem and has nothing to do with male sexual prowess, but rather with the absence of healthy sperm.

Illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems, lifestyle choices and other factors can play a role in causing male infertility.

Stones are hard buildups of minerals that form anywhere in the urinary tract and may cause pain, bleeding, obstruction of the flow of urine, or an infections. Approximately 95% of all bladder stones occur in men and are usually the result of another urologic problem. Stones, especially tiny ones, may not cause any symptoms. Stones in the bladder may cause pain in the lower abdomen. Stones that obstruct the ureter or renal pelvis or any of the kidney's drainage tubes may cause back pain.

Other symptoms include nausea and vomiting, restlessness, sweating, and blood in the urine.

Urinary incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine. Many patients do not report this problem to their physician, and many physicians do not ask about incontinence specifically. Incontinence can occur at any age but is more common among the elderly and among women, affecting about 30% of elderly women and 15% of elderly men.

There are various type of incontinence with the two most common types in women being stress urinary incontinence and urge incontinence secondary to overactive bladder. Stress urinary incontinence is associated with leakage of urine when one coughs, sneezes or laughs and is also associated with loss of urine during activities such as exercise or lifting heavy objects.

Overactive bladder is leakage of urine associated with an overbearing urge to void and not being able to get to the toilet before incontinence occurs.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. When bacteria gets into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they may cause an infection.

Women are more prone to this type of infection than men. UTIs more commonly progress to bladder infections in females. The most common symptoms of a bladder infection are burning with urination, frequency of urination.

Erectile dysfunction is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain a erection.  About 30 million men in the US have erectile dysfunction. About 1 in 4 men above the age of 65 are affected by erectile dysfunction.  

Some of the causes of erectile dysfunction include medications, diseases, injuries, surgeries, psychological factors, or physical factors, marital or job stress, alcohol or drug abuse, performance anxiety, financial problems.

Many women suffer from various degrees of sexual dysfunction. This condition is divided into four categories: sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorder, orgasmic disorder and sexual pain disorders.

Depending on the type of dysfunction, proper diagnosis allow for the development of the best treatment option to fit the individual patient’s needs.

Pediatric Urology is the diagnosis and treatment of congenital and acquired urological conditions and diseases in children. Pediatric urology treats conditions of the male reproductive tract and the male and female urinary tracts from birth to early adult age. 

Other conditions include obstructed kidneys, urinary tract infections, bedwetting and spina bifida.

Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome is a chronic condition in which symptoms resemble those of a chronic urinary tract infection without evidence of an infection. The causes of IC are currently unknown, however common risk factors include age, sex, and race. Long term complications include a reduced bladder capacity and a diminished quality of life.

Pelvic pain can develop quickly and subside without treatment or it can last for several months. Several causes of pelvic pain have been identified including ovulation, musculoskeletal issues, endometriosis (tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus), interstitial cystitis, uterine fibroids, and pain following surgery. Most patients with pelvic pain however do not have just one cause of their pain.

Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a type of pelvic floor disorder which affects roughly 1 out of every 3 women during their lifetime. The “pelvic floor” refers to a group of muscles that function to keep the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, vagina, and small intestines) in place. When the connective tissue supporting normal urinary and bowel voiding becomes weak, this allows the bladder or rectum to bulge into the vaginal wall/canal (prolapse). POP becomes more common as women age however women can also develop POP following childbirth.